Climbing beans, also known as pole beans or runner beans, are one of the most productive vegetables you can grow for the space they occupy. With proper care, they provide an abundance of green and purple beans throughout the summer. Follow these essential steps to achieve a bountiful crop:
1. Optimal Soil Conditions for Beans
Climbing beans thrive in sunny spots that receive at least 5-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. They prefer fertile, well-drained soil that remains moist without becoming waterlogged. Prior to planting, enrich the soil with compost or well-rotted organic matter to enhance its texture and water retention. Add a few inches (5 cm) of compost several weeks before planting to allow it to settle.
In hot and dry climates, consider preparing compost trenches during the winter. Dig a trench in the area where you plan to plant your beans, fill it with kitchen scraps and organic matter, and cover it with soil. This method creates a rich, water-retentive base that supports the beans through dry spells.
2. Sowing Beans for Success
Climbing beans need warm soil to germinate effectively. Avoid sowing too early, as cold or damp conditions can cause seeds to rot or fail to sprout. In warmer climates, sow seeds directly when the soil reaches at least 45°F (7°C). For cooler regions, start seeds indoors in pots or plugs a few weeks before the last frost. Once seedlings are a few inches tall, transplant them outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.
By sowing directly, you avoid transplanting shock and reduce the risk of disturbing young plants. Space two seeds per support and thin to leave the stronger seedling.
3. Choosing the Best Supports
To support the vigorous growth of climbing beans, you’ll need sturdy structures at least 6 feet (2 meters) tall. Options include A-frames, T-frames, or teepees made from bamboo canes. I personally use metal arches, which not only support the beans but also create a visually appealing feature in the garden. Beans naturally cling to supports, but you may need to guide them initially. Once they reach the top, pinch out the growing tips to encourage energy toward flowering and pod production.
4. Watering and Feeding Beans
Beans need consistent watering, especially during hot summer months. Water deeply at the base of the plants to ensure the soil is thoroughly soaked. Beans have extensive foliage, and it’s crucial to hydrate the entire plant, not just the lower leaves. During particularly hot spells, increase watering frequency to prevent wilting and drying out.
Beans naturally enrich the soil by fixing nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria in their roots, reducing the need for additional fertilizer. However, if you notice yellowing leaves, you may need to apply a balanced liquid feed to boost nutrients.
5. Companion Planting for Better Pollination
Bean flowers attract pollinators such as bees and hummingbirds. Enhance pollination by planting nectar-rich flowers around your beans. Options like sweet alyssum, calendula, marigolds, and nasturtiums not only beautify your garden but also increase fruiting yields.
6. Managing Pests
Two common pests to watch out for are slugs and black bean aphids. Slugs can damage young plants, so starting beans in pots gives them a head start. Regularly check for slugs and use traps if needed. Black bean aphids tend to cluster on new shoots, so inspect the plant regularly. If you spot aphids, wash them off with a strong jet of water. Beneficial insects like hoverflies and ladybugs will eventually help control aphid populations, reducing the need for pesticides.
Also, remove any dead or diseased leaves to improve airflow and reduce the risk of disease spread.
7. Maximizing Your Harvest
Pick beans when they are young and tender to encourage the plant to produce more. If you let the beans mature too much, the plant will focus on seed production, which can slow down or stop the flowering process. Regularly check the vines for mature beans, especially under the leaves, to ensure you’re harvesting before the pods become too large and tough.
For easier identification, consider growing purple or yellow-podded varieties, as they stand out against the green foliage.
By following these seven steps, you can enjoy a thriving, productive bean crop that will reward you with delicious beans all summer long. Whether you’re a first-time grower or an experienced gardener, these tips will help you achieve success.